Basic Human Needs Include Soup Kitchens

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow that outlines a progression of human needs, from the most basic (like food and shelter) to the most advanced (self-actualisation, or achieving one’s full potential). This theory can be especially useful in understanding the experiences and challenges faced by people who are homeless or living on low incomes.

How the Hierarchy Relates to People Who Are Homeless or on Low Incomes

1. Physiological Needs

People experiencing homelessness or poverty often struggle to meet the most basic survival needs:

• Food insecurity

• Lack of access to clean water

• Inadequate or no shelter

• Poor sleep and health care

Without consistent access to these, energy and attention are primarily directed toward day-to-day survival—not long-term goals or self-actualization.

2. Safety Needs

Even if physiological needs are somewhat met (e.g., through shelters or food banks), safety remains fragile:

• Unstable housing or fear of eviction

• Exposure to violence or theft

• Lack of employment or job security

• Limited access to health services

Chronic insecurity and instability keep people in survival mode, hindering growth and future planning.

3. Love and Belonging

Social isolation is common among those living in poverty or on the streets:

• Disconnection from family and friends

• Stigmatisation or discrimination

• Mental health challenges or substance abuse may create barriers to connection

A lack of meaningful relationships can lead to low self-worth and depression, both of which limit a person's ability to move up the pyramid.

4. Esteem Needs

These include:

• Feeling valued and respected

• Opportunities to contribute or feel accomplished

For those experiencing homelessness:

• They may internalise shame, failure, or rejection

• May not have chances to work or achieve recognition

• Social systems often treat them as invisible or disposable

Without esteem, it's very difficult for someone to believe in their potential or seek fulfilment.

5. Self-Actualization

This is about:

• Creativity

• Pursuing passions

• Reaching one’s full potential

For people who are constantly worrying about where they’ll sleep or how they’ll eat, self-actualisation becomes a distant or even irrelevant goal.

However, with adequate support, individuals can move toward self-actualization—through:

• Stable housing (e.g., Housing First models)

• Employment or education opportunities

• Mental health and addiction services

• Social support systems that foster dignity and community

Maslow’s hierarchy reminds us that before people can grow, thrive, or “find themselves,” they must first feel safe and secure. Homelessness and poverty create systemic barriers that keep people stuck in survival mode. But when we meet those basic needs through compassionate and holistic support systems, individuals can begin the journey toward healing, dignity, and self-actualization.